Which of the following is a way to recover from the deadlock which has already occurred? 

1. Process termination 

2. Non preemption of resources 

3. Banker's algorithm 

4. Circular wait

Let’s analyze the options:

1. Process termination ✅

   • This is indeed a way to recover from a deadlock after it has already occurred (kill one or more processes to break the cycle).

2. Non-preemption of resources ❌

   • This is a deadlock prevention method, not recovery.

3. Banker’s algorithm ❌

   • This is a deadlock avoidance technique, not recovery.

4. Circular wait ❌

   • This is one of the necessary conditions for deadlock, not a recovery method.